Gynecological Cancer

Cervical cancer begins in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. Most cases are linked to persistent infection with high-risk types of HPV. Regular Pap smears and HPV screenings are essential for prevention and early detection, as early-stage cervical cancer often has no noticeable symptoms.

Ovarian cancer begins in the ovaries, and symptoms are often vague and can be mistaken for common health issues. There are currently no reliable screening tests, so it’s important to understand general risk factors, such as a family history of ovarian cancer, inherited genetic mutations, being over age 50, or never having been pregnant.

Uterine cancer begins in the uterus, most often in the lining (endometrium), and is one of the most common cancers affecting the female reproductive system. While it can occur at any age, it is most often diagnosed in women after menopause. Early detection offers the best chance for successful treatment.

Vaginal cancer begins in the vagina (birth canal), the muscular tube connecting the uterus to the outside of the body. It is a rare form of gynecological cancer and is most often diagnosed in women over the age of 60. Early stages may not cause noticeable symptoms, making regular gynecologic exams important for detection.

Vulvar cancer begins on the outer surface of the female genitalia, most often affecting the outer lips of the vagina (labia majora or labia minora). It is a rare gynecological cancer that most commonly occurs in older women, but it can develop at any age. Risk factors include human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, chronic vulvar irritation and a history of precancerous skin changes.